Lubricants

Base oils grouped in 5 groups.

The cheapest base oils in the marketplace, because of their role as a solvent-refined, the simplest refining procedure, are group 1 with features like saturates less than 90%, viscosity-index 80 to 120, the sulfur amount more than 0.03% and temperature 32 to 150 °F.

Next group, the similar pricing like group 1, are the better antioxidants because all of the hydrocarbon molecules in base oil 2 group are saturated. Hydrocracking produces this group. Their features are saturated higher than 90%, viscosity index 80 to 120, a sulfur amount less than 0.03%, clearer in color and more expensive than the previous group.

More refining than the previous group and severely hydrocracking in higher pressure and heat for creating a purer base oil which group is 3. They can produce in both from crude oil and synthesized hydrocarbons. Group 3 has features like saturates higher than 90%, viscosity index higher than 120 and the sulfur amount less than 0.03%.

Next group, polyalphaolefins, produced in synthesize way, has a larger range in temperature and can be used in a much colder situation and higher temperature applications.

And the last group, for increasing properties of oil is added to the other base stocks. The members of this group are the polyalkylene glycol, silicone, polyester, phosphate ester, bio-lubes, etc.

The first 3 group are mineral and the last 2 are synthetic base.